PEP 294: Review

Test #3

Segment 2

Vector vs. scalar
The 'tip-to-tail' method
Vector resolution vs. composition

Position, displacement, velocity & acceleration
Displacement vs. distance
Meanings of 0 velocity and 0 acceleration.
Standard units of the kinematic quantities

Role of gravity in projectile motion. Air resistance. The initial conditions (factors).
Strategies to analyze projectile motion. The factor that determines the ascending time (T) and the height of apex (H).

Radian vs. degree
Angular position, displacement, velocity & acceleration. Positive and negative directions. Units.
Meanings of 0 angular velocity and 0 angular acceleration.
Relationship between the angular velocity of an object and the linear velocity of a point on the object
Direction of the linear velocity: tangential. David vs. Goliath.

Linear Kinetics

Related Problems: IP1, 2 (p. 429) & AP1 (p. 430)

What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
What is inertia? Relationship between inertia and mass?
What is Newton's Second Law of Motion? F = ma, a = F/m. If F = 0 N, what happens?
What is reaction? What is Newton's Third Law of Motion? Examples?
What is the ground reaction force (GRF)? What are the importance of the GRF? How a high jumper utilizes the GRF during takeoff?

Lab #8: What are the impact and propulsion peaks in jogging? What are the loading and decay rates? How do you compute the acceleration of body CM from the GRF and the weight of a jogger?

What is the Law of Gravitation? What are the properties of gravitation? What is weight? What is the relationship between the weight and the mass of an object? Gravitational acceleration?

Related Problems: IP3, 4, 5 (p. 429), AP2 & 3 (p. 430)

What is friction? Its properties? Friction = (friction coefficient) * (normal reaction force).
Compare the sliding friction and the rolling friction.
Compare the static friction and the kinetic friction. What is the max static friction? Force required to initiate a motion and force required to maintain the motion? Your force vs. friction?
Lubrication vs. friction? Role of the synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
Resistance vs. source of propulsion?

Related Problems: IP6, 7, 8 & AP6 (p.430)

What is momentum and its importance? M = mv. Unit?
Principle of momentum conservation?
What is impulse? Relationship between impulse and momentum? Strategies in giving or receiving impulse?

Related Problems: IP9, 10 (p.430), AP4, 7, 8 & 9 (pp. 430-431)

What is work? Equation? Unit? Vector or scalar?
Positive work vs. negative work? Muscle contraction types vs. work?
Work while overcoming the gravity (weight): mountain or stair climbing?
What is power? Equation? Scalar quantity? Unit? Power = (force) * (velocity).
What is mechanical energy? Unit? Potential vs. kinetic?
Mechanical energy conservation? Diving example?
Work vs. energy? Diving example? Ball-catching example?

Angular Kinetics

Related problems in Ch. 13:  IP1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (p. 470), AP1, 3, 4 & 5 (pp. 471-472)

Definition of torque? Equation: Torque = (force)*(moment arm).
Vector quantity: magnitude + direction. Counterclockwise vs. clockwise? Unit?
Moment arm? Force application point vs. moment arm? Direction of force vs. moment arm?
Muscle torque? Moment arm of the muscle?
Resultant joint torque? Agonist vs. antagonist torques? Three elbow flexor muscles?
Seesaw example?

Related problems in Ch. 13:  IP6, 7, 8, AP7, 9 & 10 (pp. 470-472)

What is a lever? Elements of a lever?
Torques acting in a lever? Equilibrium conditions in a lever (angular & linear)?
What is mechanical advantage? Equation? Mechanical advantage of muscle?
Three different types of lever system? Structural differences? Advantages? Examples?

Related problems in Ch. 13:  IP10, AP2, 6 & 8 (pp. 471-472)

What is center of gravity (CG) or center of mass (CM)? Location of CG?
Reaction board method? Segmental method?

Lab #9: Steps of the segmental method? Digitizing?

What is moment of inertia? Equation? MOI vs. mass distribution? Unit?
MOI vs. posture? MOI vs. axis of rotation? MOI & torque?

What is angular momentum? Equation? Unit?
Conservation of angular momentum? MOI vs. angular momentum? Diving example.
Transfer of angular momentum? Examples?

Fluid Biomechanics

Buoyant force? Properties?
Archimedes' principle? Magnitude of buoyant force? Unit? Center of buoyancy?
Flotation conditions? Center of gravity vs. center of buoyancy?

Compare drag and lift.
Drag equation?
Surface drag vs. form drag?

Definition? Lift equation?
Angle of attack? Lift/drag ratio?
Example?
Magnus effect? Cause? Effect?