INTASC Standard #4
Multiple Instructional Strategies
 
The teacher understands and uses a variety of instructional strategies to encourage students' development of critical thinking, problem solving, and performance skills.
[Headings for INTASC standards are taken from - 
Campbell, D.M. et al.  (1997).  How to develop a professional portfolio:  A manual for teachers.   Boston: Allyn and Bacon.]

 


   As a student of MUSED 352, I was required, along with my classmates, to present a Kodaly lesson to each other.  There was quite a variety of Kodaly activities used not only amongst each individual lesson but between all of  our lessons in general.  I chose to engage my students in rhythm readings using the ta-ti system, innerear or audiatation of a song before singing through the actual song.  Audiation is a very important aspect of teaching music, in my opinion.  It allows for each individual student to practice what they are going to sing with themselves before they sing as a class.  By asking our students to audiate and use hand signs simaultaneously, we are cultivating students who are stronger not only as musicians but as individual thinkers.  I tried to give my students the oppotunity to solve the music problem (otherwise known as singing through a new phrase of music) independently, to themselves, before they had the chance to rely on their neighbors for answers on hand signs and pitches. 

There are a wide variety of strategies teachers can use to convey information to their students.It is important that we take advantage of these different strategies by varying our teaching strategies on a regular basis.Sometimes, it takes changing your approach on the spot depending on how well students are learning the information.I observed a local second grade class for a Elementary General Music class during the Fall 2001 semester.This teacher was teaching solfege and the relationship of solfege syllables and the corresponding pitches to the students.However, some of the students didn’t understand these relationships.So the teacher, provided many opportunities and experiences for the students to learn and understand the relationship she was trying to teach them.I also reviewed a textbook for this class, where we were asked to look specifically at the philosophy, concepts, skills, abilities, and various other aspects of the book.A variety of music literature, games, lesson extensions, and cross-curriculum ideas were given.

During Choral Literature, we were assigned a unit plan.This unit plan was to include one piece of music as well as an outline of a unit that could be taught based upon it.We were asked to provide a reading requirement for the students that related to the piece of literature that we had chosen.We developed quizzes for singing competencies, knowledge of composer, piece, author, book, as well as a writing assignment that the students would be given.This encourages our students to use a higher level of thinking to write their papers and responses to quiz questions; the singing competencies encouraged them to perform better and continue to work on their singing skills.

Allowing students to work on their own encourages them to develop their skills because they do not have others to rely on.A web quest is an interactive activity that can be individual work.The web quest I developed is and sends the students on a quest to gather specific information outlined in the web quest.The students are told which websites they are allowed to use, and how the information they gather is to be compiled.The web quest I designed, You Can Become A Star, has the students become a music identity of their (approved) choice.This is one activity that allows all students to learn because they can gather a variety of information on the web and compile it in a presentation of their choice.This also advocates individuality and creativity, which are two very important things to teach our students.

In MUSED 200, I taught a lesson that aided itself to all learning styles.I incorporated tasks into my lesson plans that reached aural, visual, and kinesthetic learners when I taught the chant, “Stop Thief”.  The students not only learned the melody but ostinatos as well.I wrote the rhythmic notation and words on the board for the visual learners; I modeled the ostinato for the aural learners; and I had the students echo me to stimulate the kinesthetic learners.

In several teachings the spring 2001 semester, I have sang and played the students’ parts to them while they followed along in their music.This is a strategy that works well in choirs because not all students are capable of reading music well.By doing this, I am not taking the notation away from them; I am just aiding them in their learning.Teaching the students notation is done not only in literature study but also in the music literacy parts of the lesson.It is important that we ask students what key the piece is in, where is tonic, the time signature, and so forth to constantly be quizzing them on their musical element knowledge.But we also must realize that not all students will read music when they step into our classrooms and we must supplement their learning to read music with something else until they are able to read music.Teaching students to read music is something that should not be eliminated from a music program.