Personal Pronouns are the most common pronoun sub-class. They refer to people, animals, or objects. They have three important attributes:

1. Case, which refers to the grammatical use of the pronoun. English has three cases for personal pronouns--subjective (nominative) for subjects, objective (accusative) for direct and indirect objects as well as objects of prepositions, and possessive (genitive) to show ownership;
2. Number, which refers to how many--singular (one) or plural (more than one)--the pronoun represents;
   and
3. Gender, which refers to whether the pronoun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. This attribute only occurs in the 3rd person singular forms--he (masculine), she (feminine) and it (neuter).

Demonstrative pronouns point out or show what they refer to. Demonstrative pronouns work as indices. English demonstratives have two attributes: proximity to the speaker (near and far in either space or time) and number (singular or plural).

Indefinite pronouns refer to indeterminate people. They are purposefully vague and uncertain, so they do not require antecedents. There are some common forms (prefixes and suffixes) that you may mix and match to create indefinite pronouns:
some-
every-
any-
no-
-one
-body
-thing
either
neither
other
another
any
few
many
*you
*they

*We sometimes use the second person and third person plural forms of the personal pronoun as indefinte pronouns.
Ex. 1 "They (i.e. everyone, someone) say Clinton should be impeached."
Ex. 2 "When Kordell Stewart throws you a pass like that, you have to catch it."

Reciprocal pronouns are really a kind of indefinite pronoun. The phrases each other and one another are reciprocal because they refer collectively to two antecedants.
Ex. 1 "The Chicago Cubs and the San Francisco Giants will play each other for the Wild Card playoff spot tonight."
Ex. 2 "The two wrestlers really do hate one another."

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of a sentence. Consequently, a reflexive pronoun can never be the subject of a sentence. Many times, it will be the indirect object or object of the prepositions (usually "to" or "for" or "by" or "with"). The reflexive pronoun is formed by adding -self/-selves to the possessive forms of the first and second person personal pronoun and the objective form of the third person personal pronoun. The reflexive pronoun reinforces and emphasizes the idea that the subject is doing something for or to himself.

Ex. 1 Instead of saying "I bought a car yesterday," I could say "I bought myself a car yesterday" or "I bought a car for myself yesterday."
Ex. 2 "You went to the movies by yourself?" implies surprise, whereas "I went to the movies by myself" simply makes a statement.

Intensive pronouns look exactly like reflexive pronouns; however, they have a slightly different function. They emphasize the subject or object and immediately follow the noun they emphasize.

Ex. 1 "The professor herself thought that the test was unfair."
Ex. 2 "Steven himself believed the convict's story." Ex. 3 "I believe that the owner himself knew about the illegal activity."

Relative pronouns, unlike all other classes of pronouns, introduce an entire clause. The relative clause "relates" back to a noun in the sentence. The case of a relative pronoun is determined by its use within its own clause, not by the function of its antecedent in the main sentence clause. Sometimes we can leave out the relative pronoun, especially when the pronoun is in the objective case. Other times we can use the subjective form "who" instead of the objective form "whom" even though the pronoun is used as the object of the clause. Be aware of essential and non-essential elements when considering whether or not to use commas with a relative clause!

Ex. 1 "There is the man who hit me."
Ex. 2 "I want to thank the person who recommended me for the job."
Ex. 3 "There is the girl whose dog I ran over yesterday."
Ex. 4 "Give me back the book [that, which] I loaned you last week."
Ex. 5 "I can't remember who[m] I recommended for the job."
Ex. 6a "I forgot who[m] I gave the book to."
Ex. 6b "I forgot to whom I gave the book."
Ex. 7 "The students who published their letters in the newspaper received A's."
Ex. 7b "The students, many of whom published their letters in the newspaper, received A's."
Ex. 8 "My aunt, who is pregnant, just moved to Indianapolis to start a new job."
Ex. 8a "My aunt who is pregnant just moved to Indianapolis to start a new job."

*The following is an incorrect use of the relative pronoun: "But they tried to sign it to me, which I don't know how to sign."
Instead, revise the sentence in one of a few possible ways: "Although I did not know how to sign, they used sign language anyway." or "They used sign language, with which I was unfamiliar."