This one-year program is intended for excellent
upperclass students interested in a year of concentrated
studies leading to a career in biotechnology. A C (2.0)
grade or better is required in each course, and a 2.5
grade-point average is required for all courses in the
program. 

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100 People and the Life Sciences. (3)
Introductory course designed for students not majoring in science. Emphasizes human and social aspects of biology: reproduction, development, genetic counseling, immunology, evolution, biodiversity, ecology, and environmental concerns.
Not open to students who have credit in BIO 102,111, or 112.

102 Biological Concepts for Teachers. (3)
Principles of biology as they relate to energy requirements and reproductive processes of living organisms, including the study of plants and conservation with emphasis on the human role in the environment. Designed primarily for students in elementary education programs.

111 Principles of Biology 1. (4)
Designed for biology, allied health, and other science majors. Emphasis at cellular level: chemical and physical organization of life, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure and function, bioenergetics, cell division, genetics, gene expression, protein synthesis, and evolution. Lecture and laboratory.
Prerequisite: one year of high school chemistry, one semester of college chemistry, or the equivalent.

112 Principles of Biology 2. (4)
Examines the diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecology, and physiology of organisms in the animal kingdom with an introduction to the protozoans. Emphasizes structure and function at the organismal level, classification, and phylogenetic relationships. Lecture and laboratory.

113 Microbiology for the Health Sciences. (5)
Introductory course for students in applied health curricula. Presents biomolecules of life, enzyme interaction, physiology and structure of representative microorganisms. Emphasizes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa of health significance and the host-parasite relationship. Microbiological techniques will be emphasized in laboratory.
Prerequisite: CHEM 101 or its equivalent.

214 Genetics. (4)
Basic principles of heredity and variation emphasizing meiosis, Mendelian inheritance and probability considerations, sex and gene transmission and expression, linkage and crossing-over, the nature of the hereditary material, gene action, and genetic control of development.
Prerequisite: BIO 111, 112 .

215 Cell Biology. (4)
An introduction to the biology of the cell, including cell differentiation and growth, the nature of the organization of the cell, basic bioenergetics and enzyme function, cell environment, membrane structure and function, cell metabolism, and the work performed by cells.
Prerequisite: BIO 111, 112; CHEM 231 or permission of the department chairperson.

216 Ecology. (3)
Effects of physical and biotic conditions on the distribution, abundance, and diversity of plants and animals. Dynamics of ecological systems at population, community, ecosystem, landscape, and global levels, and from an evolutionary perspective. Practical applications of ecological knowledge to environmental problems.
Prerequisite: BIO 111, 112.

217 Methods in Ecology. (2)
Introduction to scientific study designs, measurements, data analysis, and the logic of inference as applied to ecological research. Focuses on a field research project that culminates in a written report and an oral presentation.
Prerequisite or parallel: BIO 216.

254 Biology in the Social Context. (3)
Designed to foster understanding of the interactions between and among human biological and social systems. Emphasizes biological concepts as they relate to health and behavior. Prerequisite recommended: college level introductory biology. Open only to social work or family and consumer sciences majors, or by permission of the department chairperson.

299X Experimental/Developmental Topics. (1-6)
Topics relevant to the discipline. Course titles will be announced before each semester.
A total of 6 hours of credit may be earned.

341 Pathogenic Bacteriology. (3)
Study of pathogenic bacteria with emphasis on morphology and physiology. Laboratory techniques for culturing, isolating, and identifying bacteria.
Prerequisite: BIO 113 or 213; CHEM 231.

344 Immunology-Virology. (4)
Examination of the basic principles of immunology and virology. Topics include the immune system, the variety of immune responses, immuno-regulation, and characteristics of viruses. Emphasizes virus-host interactions and serological diagnosis of viral infections.
Prerequisite: BIO 213 and one course in organic chemistry.

369 Internship in Biology. (1-6)
Paid, supervised field and laboratory experiences in public or private agencies (or in the Department of Biology). Training involves application of biological principles in the work environment.
Prerequisite: permission of the department chairperson.
A total of 6 hours of credit may be earned.

390 Honors Colloquium in Biology. (1-2)
Exploration of selected issues in biology with emphasis upon individual projects, study, and discussion.
A total of 2 hours of credit may be earned.
Open only to honors students except by permission of the department chairperson.

394 Practicum in Biology. (1-3) 
Practical application of biology in a variety of situations including biology instruction as undergraduate teaching assistants and discussion leaders, and practical experience in government or industrial laboratories and field stations.
Prerequisite: permission of the department chairperson.
A total of 3 hours of credit may be earned.

401 Developments in Modern Biology. (3-6)
Stresses recent discoveries in biology and integrates and enhances understanding of the basic principles of the discipline.
Prerequisite: permission of the department chairperson.
A total of 6 hours of credit may be earned.

416 Population Ecology. (3)
Presents fundamental principles of population growth and regulation, including both within-species and between-species interactions. Implications for over-population, endangered species, and pest and game management are discussed. Laboratory includes both experimental studies and computer simulation exercises.
Prerequisite: BIO 216.

418 Community and Ecosystem Ecology. (3)
Principles of ecological organization at the community and ecosystems levels. Emphasizes the processes that influence the structure and function of communities and ecosystems. Laboratory includes field and lab studies of plant and animal systems.
Prerequisite: BIO 216.

420 Field Biology of Distant Areas. (3-12)
Includes study of the sciences peculiar to selected geographic areas. Ecology, flora, and fauna. Travel may be by air. Seminars may be scheduled regularly throughout the course. Registration fee may include travel charges as well as the general fee.
Prerequisite: permission of the department chairperson.
A total of 12 hours of credit may be earned.

440 Evolution. (3)
Principles, evidence, and the historical context of modern evolution theory. Some attention will be given to the origin of life and the evolution of plants and animals.
Prerequisite: BIO 100, 102, or 111 or permission of the department chairperson.

446 Applied Microbiology. (3)
The study of microorganisms that are beneficial or detrimental to changes in foods (including milk and milk products) and industrial fermentations. This is a lecture and laboratory course.
Prerequisite: BIO 213 or permission of the department chairperson.

448 Biometry. (3)
Principles and application of statistics to biological problems. The use of parametric and nonparametric tests of significance in the analysis of data and the interpretation of experiments.
Prerequisite: MATHS 108 or its equivalent or permission of the department chairperson.

452 Advanced Genetics. (3)
Bacterial and eukaryotic genetics with emphasis on recent developments in molecular genetics. Topics include alternative structures of DNA, mechanisms of DNA replication, mutagenesis, DNA rearrangements, regulation of gene expression, RNA processing, and molecular and mutagenetic analysis of cell cycle.
Prerequisite: BIO 214; CHEM 231.
Prerequisite recommended: BIO 215.

453 Human Genetics and the Problems of Humanity. (3)  
Current problems in human heredity. Human chromosome aberrations. DNA, the genetic code, and mutations. Consanguineous marriages and genetic defects. Mendelian principles applied to humans. Pedigrees and probability. Genetic screening and counseling. Social, ethical, and legal problems and advances in genetics.
Prerequisite: BIO 214; or permission of the instructor or department chairperson.

454 Development and Evolution of Genomes: Genomics and Proteomics. (3)
Analyses of the development, expression, and evolution of genomes through the examination of genomics and proteomics. Attempts to explore the theoretical basis of developing technologies to provide models for application to current questions in biological systems from the cellular or organismal levels by treatment of the genome as a system.
Prerequisite: BIO 214, 215; or permission of the instructor.

456 Cancer Biology. (3)
Examination of the biological basis of cancer, discussion of related contemporary issues, and overview of recent advances in cancer research. Emphasizes cancer progression, tumor production, etiology/epidemiology, prevention, modern therapies, and patient management.
Prerequisite: BIO 215, its equivalent, or permission of the department chairperson.

457 Molecular Biology. (4)
Structure and function of macromolecules in living things. Emphasizes three-dimensional structures; models for enzyme mechanisms; DNA replication; protein synthesis and membrane function; and applications of biotechnology.
Prerequisite: BIO 215 or permission of the department chairperson.

460 Microtechniques. (4)
A lecture and laboratory course in the preparation of biological material for microscopic examination in teaching, research, and clinical applications. Emphasizes preparation of smears, squashes, whole mounts, paraffin and frozen plant and animal sections, and photomicrography.
Prerequisite: BIO 111, 112, 213, and one course of college chemistry.

470 Developmental Biology. (4)
Recent advances and theories in early embryogenesis and developmental biology. Major emphasis on genetic and molecular mechanisms operating during developmental phenomena. Topics include fertilization, mosaic versus regulative development, regulation of gene expression, patterning, germ line and sex determination, and neoplasia.
Prerequisite: BIO 215 or permission of the department chairperson.

480 Limnology. (3)
The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of inland waters. Laboratory and several field trips will be devoted to exploring techniques for the evaluation of representative aquatic ecosystems.
Prerequisite: BIO 216 or permission of the department chairperson.

482 Aquatic Microbiology. (3)
Microorganisms indigenous to nonpolluted and polluted aquatic ecosystems. Emphasizes nutrient cycling and use of microorganisms as indicators of pollution. Morphology, physiology, and ecology of specific organisms. Lecture and laboratory.
Prerequisite: BIO 213.

483 Marine Biology. (3)
Introduction to marine environments. Properties of seawater, hydrodynamics. Phytoplankton and benthic plants. Primary production, nutrient cycles. Marine animals, surveys of major taxa. Adaptations for life on the bottom, open water, intertidal zones, estuaries, and abyssal regions.

492 Bioethical Decision Making. (3)
Development of decision-making skills through the analysis and personal resolution of bioethical problems created by the application of new biological and biomedical knowledge and technologies.
Prerequisite: junior standing and completion of the University Core Curriculum science component or permission of the department chairperson.

498 Undergraduate Research. (1-3)
Designed to give undergraduate biology students with special aptitude an opportunity to participate in scientific investigation.
Prerequisite: permission of the department chairperson.
A total of 3 hours of credit may be earned.

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BIOTECHNOLOGY (BIOT)

490 Introduction to Recombinant DNA and RNA
Techniques. (3)
Study of the fundamental methods and approaches used in biotechnology with experiences in recombinant DNA and RNA techniques.  Emphasis on theory and practice of commonly used scientific techniques, experimental design, and reading and analysis of scientific literature.
Prerequisite: BIO 215.

491 Theory and Applications of the Polymerase Chain Reaction. (3)
Study of the theory of the polymerase chain reaction and its standard applications in research.  Emphasis on experimental design and optimization of reactions, applications in DNA and RNA analysis, differential display, site-directed mutagenesis, and subcloning of PCR products.
Prerequisite: BIO 215.

492 Protein Isolation and Analysis. (3)
Study of the theory and application of techniques involved in protein isolation, characterization, and analysis.  Emphasis on understanding principles of protein purification, laboratory experiences in protein separation, detection and analysis of structure function relationships.
Prerequisite: BIO 215.

493 Professional Development in Biotechnology. (1)
Emphasizes curriculum vita development, provides employment counseling, discusses job ethics, values, and job interview strategies, and includes a presentation by each student analyzing a journal article.

494 Cell Culture Techniques. (2)
Study of the practice and theory of cell and tissue culture.  Emphasis on the application of basic concepts and techniques to the in vitro culture of many different cell types.
Prerequisite: BIOT 490.

495 DNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics. (2)
Covers the determination of DNA nucleotide sequence and Internet/software utilization of DNA and protein databases for sequence analysis.
Prerequisite: BIOT 490.

496 Research Design and Presentation. (2)
Emphasizes improvements in oral and written communication skills and development, and presentation of an independent research proposal.
Prerequisite: BIOT 490.

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BOTANY (BOT)

380 Forestry. (3)
General course in forestry with emphasis on forest policy, ecology, and management. Current issues are discussed with particular reference to their social, political, and environmental implications. Lecture and laboratory.

440 Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. (4)
Identification, use, and care of native and ornamental trees, shrubs, vines, and herbaceous plant material. The use of botanical keys, manuals, and texts in the identification of the plant taxa.
Prerequisite: BIO 112 or permission of the department chairperson.

442 Economic Botany. (3)
The cultivation, processing, environmental requirements, and use of plants and plant derivatives for food, drugs, dwellings, clothing, and power.

446 Medical Mycology. (3)
Study of fungi with emphasis on pathogenic forms. Discusses methods for identification of fungi along with morphology and biochemistry of fungi.
Prerequisite: BIO 213.

451 Plant Physiology. (4)
An introductory treatment of the physiological activities of green plants with emphasis on plant growth substances, photosynthesis, and intermediate metabolism.
Prerequisite: BIO 112; CHEM 231.

460 Plants and Their Allies. (4)
Evolutionary-phylogenetic survey of plant forms. Includes bacteria, algae, fungi, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Emphasizes comparative morphology and anatomy, reproductive structures, cycles, and adaptations to varying habitats.
Prerequisite: BIO 111, 112, or permission of the instructor.

470 Dendrology. (3)
The identification and site characterization of woody plants with an emphasis on midwestern tree species. Use of botanical features and keys in field identification. Correlation of species with site conditions, plant diseases, climatic parameters, associate species, and geographical distribution.
Prerequisite: BIO 112.

480 Plant Ecology. (3)
Factors affecting the distribution and abundance of plants. Patterns, structure, and development of plants at the individual, population, and community level. Laboratory provides experience with ecological experimentation at the physiological, population, and community levels.
Prerequisite: BIO 216 or permission of the instructor.

481 Aquatic Botany. (4)
The collection and identification of nonvascular and vascular plants from fresh water ecosystems. Emphasizes the morphology, physiology, and ecology of these plants to explain their distribution in nature. Class project and field trips may be used to demonstrate ecological relationships. Two Saturday field trips required.
Prerequisite: BIO 112 or permission of the department chairperson.

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