Keywords: Writing Process

Emig, Janet. The Composing Processes of Twelfth Graders. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1971.

This is the seminal work on composing processes, which popularized the approach to writing as a process. In her study of composing processes, Emig used protocol analysis to study the activities of writers. Some of her conclusions are that writing is recursive, that the mode of writing is determined by the motivation and the audience, and that those two modes of writing are reflexive and extensive. Reflexive writing focuses on the writer's feelings and self, and extensive writing focuses on the act of communicating to another.