Title: Aerial view of SOLAR ONE

Comments: SOLAR ONE is an experimental solar driven electric power generating facility, composed of a field of mirrors controlled aimed at a central collector tower. Note that the collector panels at the top of the tower are actually black, seen here while the panels are defocused.

Slide #: 002 Author ID: 2 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-002-S001-002 

Title: Aerial view of SOLAR ONE

Comments:

Slide #: 003 Author ID: 3 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-003-S001-003 

Title: Aerial view of SOLAR ONE

Comments:

Slide #: 004 Author ID: 4 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-004-S001-004 

Title: Aerial view of SOLAR ONE

Comments:

Slide #: 005 Author ID: 5 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-005-S001-005 

Title: Entrance to SOLAR ONE with information on sign

Comments:

Slide #: 006 Author ID: 6 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-006-S001-006 

Title: Approach to plant

Comments: Note that the collector at the top of the tower looks like glowing silver when the heliostats are focused. This is all spill light from the black panels. Note also that there is an aiming target at the base of the collectors. The reflected parallelogram indicates that one of the heliostats is currently being recalibrated

Title: Approach to plant

Comments: Note that the collector at the top of the tower looks like glowing silver when the heliostats are focused. This is all spill light from the black panels. Note also that there is an aiming target at the base of the collectors. The reflected parallelogram indicates that one of the heliostats is currently being recalibrated

Slide #: 008 Author ID: 8 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-008-S001-008 

Title: Approach to plant

Comments: Note that the collector at the top of the tower looks like glowing silver when the heliostats are focused. This is all spill light from the black panels. Note also that there is an aiming target at the base of the collectors. The reflected parallelogram indicates that one of the heliostats is currently being recalibrated

Slide #: 009 Author ID: 9 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-009-S001-009 

Title: Water pumping

Comments: Water is pumped up the tower and into the panels. The heated steam from the panels passes down the tower into a normal steam generator.

Slide #: 010 Author ID: 10 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-010-S001-010 

Title: Water pumping

Comments: Water is pumped up the tower and into the panels. The heated steam from the panels passes down the tower into a normal steam generator.

Slide #: 011 Author ID: 11 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-011-S001-011 

Title: Water pumping

Comments: Water is pumped up the tower and into the panels. The heated steam from the panels passes down the tower into a normal steam generator.

Slide #: 012 Author ID: 12 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-012-S001-012 

Title: Water pumping

Comments: Water is pumped up the tower and into the panels. The heated steam from the panels passes down the tower into a normal steam generator.

Slide #: 013 Author ID: 13 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-013-S001-013 

Title: Water pumping

Comments: Water is pumped up the tower and into the panels. The heated steam from the panels passes down the tower into a normal steam generator.

Slide #: 014 Author ID: 14 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-014-S001-014 

Title: The electricity heads off for Los Angeles

Comments:

Slide #: 015 Author ID: 15 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-015-S001-015 

Title: Water cooling tower

Comments:

Slide #: 016 Author ID: 16 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-016-S001-016 

Title: Water storage tower

Comments:

Slide #: 017 Author ID: 17 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-017-S001-017 

Title: Exterior of control building

Comments:

Slide #: 018 Author ID: 18 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-018-S001-018 

Title: Interior of control building (with aiming computer).

Comments:

Slide #: 019 Author ID: 19 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-019-S001-019 

Title: Heliostat field

Comments: Approximately 1800 heliostats, each composed of 12 mirrors.

Slide #: 020 Author ID: 20 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-020-S001-020 

Title: Heliostat field

Comments: Approximately 1800 heliostats, each composed of 12 mirrors.

Title: Heliostat field

Comments: Approximately 1800 heliostats, each composed of 12 mirrors.

Slide #: 022 Author ID: 22 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-022-S001-022 

Title: Heliostat field

Comments: Approximately 1800 heliostats, each composed of 12 mirrors.

Slide #: 023 Author ID: 23 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-023-S001-023 

Title: Mobile heliostats

Comments: Heliostats are movable around the vertical and horizontal axis.

Slide #: 024 Author ID: 24 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-024-S001-024 

Title: Mobile heliostats

Comments: Heliostats are movable around the vertical and horizontal axis.

Slide #: 025 Author ID: 25 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-025-S001-025 

Title: Heliostat stowage

Comments: They may be stowed in a horizontal, face down position, when there are dust storms or hail storms (a rare event in this area).

Slide #: 026 Author ID: 26 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-026-S001-026 

Title: Reflective surface

Comments: Highly reflective surface of stowed heliostat as photographed from below.

Slide #: 027 Author ID: 27 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-027-S001-027 

Title: Heliostat washer truck

Comments: A $20,000 International Harvestor truck with a broom and a hose, assembled by McDonnell-Douglas for a mere $250,000. An example of why the plant was closed after the experiments were finished. Even so, this plant was considerably more productive than the first nuclear reactor. The cost of the Clinch River breeder reactor alone could build roughly 53 of these SOLAR ONE plants, and not generate any 1,000 year byproducts nor use any more fuel of any sort. This plant is admittedly unsafe for birds which fly through the focal point on a sunny day, but other than that, it is probably the safest possible power plant, and totally non-polluting.

Title: LUZ Corporation

Comments: LUZ Corporation, an Israeli firm has built a sequence of plants which generate and sell electricity to a consortium of Southern California Edison and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The plants were originally named SEGS 1, SEGS 2, etc. (Solar Energy Generating System 1, etc.) 250 MW are projected for the near future. The capacity of the site is estimated at 600 MW

Slide #: 029 Author ID: 2 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-029-S002-002 

Title: Reflector trough

Comments: The plants are composed of fields of horizontal parabolic reflective troughs which may be adjusted vertically, to adjust for seasonal change in the solar path. They are aligned with the plane of the daily path.

Slide #: 030 Author ID: 3 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-030-S002-003 

Title: Trough focal line

Comments: At the focus of the trough is a pair of clear glass tubes, with the working fluid (an oil with an opaque absorptive material in suspension) in the middle tube, isolated from heat loss by the gap between the tubes.

Slide #: 031 Author ID: 4 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-031-S002-004 

Title: Trough counterbalance

Comments: The fluid passes directly from collector to collector down the row. There are counter balances for the troughs and small adjuster motors at regular intervals.

Slide #: 032 Author ID: 5 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-032-S002-005 

Title: Manifold insulated pipe

Comments: At the end of each row of collectors, the fluid passes into a collector pipe.

Slide #: 033 Author ID: 6 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-033-S002-006 

Title: Pipe to steam plant

Comments: The collector pipe brings the fluid to the "plant" where it is used to turn water into steam which then drives a fairly normal steam generator.
 

Title: Panels aimed at a single focus

Comments: Individual mirrors are aligned and mounted in parabolic dish form, with a fixed focal point. The entire dish rotates on vertical and horizontal axes.

Slide #: 035 Author ID: 2 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-035-S003-002 

Title: Panels form dish

Comments: Individual mirrors are aligned and mounted in parabolic dish form, with a fixed focal point. The entire dish rotates on vertical and horizontal axes.

Slide #: 036 Author ID: 3 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-036-S003-003 

Title: Entire dish tracks as a single unit

Comments: A Stirling motor is mounted on an arm extending to the focal point. The Stirling motor is a closed cycle steam engine using external combustion, or in this case, an external heat source. The receiving surface of the engine is aimed at the mirrors and placed at the focal point. The surrounding air is the heat sink. There is a very faint "pockety-pockety" sound once the engine heats up.

Slide #: 037 Author ID: 4 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-037-S003-004 

Title: Close-up

Comments: A Stirling motor is mounted on an arm extending to the focal point. The Stirling motor is a closed cycle steam engine using external combustion, or in this case, an external heat source. The receiving surface of the engine is aimed at the mirrors and placed at the focal point. The surrounding air is the heat sink. There is a very faint "pockety-pockety" sound once the engine heats up.

Title: Marvista School

Comments:

Slide #: 039 Author ID: 2 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-039-S004-002 

Title: Marvista School

Comments:

Slide #: 040 Author ID: 3 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-040-S004-003 

Title: Marvista School

Comments:

Slide #: 041 Author ID: 4 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-041-S004-004 

Title: Marvista School

Comments:

For additional slides or information, contact:

MICHAEL ARENSON

1314 15^th St NW 1407 Brookwood

Albuquerque, NM 87104 or Flint, MI 48503

505-842-6093 313-235-4928

See pages following this section for an uninterrupted version of script.

Title: The Solar Age in America

Comments

(1) THE SOLAR AGE IN AMERICA

Slide #: 043 Author ID: 2 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-043-S005-002 

Title: Produced and Edited by Michael Arenson

Comments:

(2) Produced and edited by Michael Arenson

Slide #: 044 Author ID: 3 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-044-S005-003 

Title: Stockebrand passive home - Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(3) In the past five years the growth of the solar energy industry in America has been phenomenal. Today it is over a two billion dollar industry.

Slide #: 045 Author ID: 4 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-045-S005-004 

Title: Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Education, Agriculture

Comments:

(4) This slide show will familiarize you with the most important and fastest growing areas in solar energy today. These are: residential and commercial, industrial, agriculture, and education.

Slide #: 046 Author ID: 5 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-046-S005-005 

Title: Insulated steam pipes

Comments:

(5) Let us first understand that energy conservation is our major concern. Whether it is for more efficient equipment that uses less energy, 

Title: Styrofoam insulation in window, courtesy of Zomeworks Corp., Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(6) or simply putting styrofoam insulation in windows to reduce nighttime heat loss, energy conservation pays for itself, in terms of dollars and energy saved.

Slide #: 048 Author ID: 7 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-048-S005-007 

Title: Residential and Commercial

Comments:

(7) There are a number of ways to meet residential and commercial energy 

Slide #: 049 Author ID: 8 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-049-S005-008 

Title: Kitchen and appliances

Comments:

(8) needs by using solar energy for space heating and cooling, water heating, and electricity for lighting and powering appliances.

Slide #: 050 Author ID: 9 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-050-S005-009 

Title: Direct gain building, Abiqui, NM

Comments:

(9) For heating, sunlight shining directly into a building warms and lights the living space. Large masses within the home, such as adobe or concrete 

Slide #: 051 Author ID: 10 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-051-S005-010 

Title: Direct gain window and brick floor

Comments:

(10) walls and brick floors, soak up the heat during the day then release it back into the house at night.

Slide #: 052 Author ID: 11 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-052-S005-011 

Title: Greenhouse, Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(11) The greenhouse attached to the south side of this home makes an excellent collector of solar radiation. Heat from this greenhouse can then be vented 

Slide #: 053 Author ID: 12 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-053-S005-012 

Title: Interior of greenhouse

Comments:

(12) into the home. And, it provides a year-round growing space, as well as heat.

Slide #: 054 Author ID: 13 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-054-S005-013 

Title: Underground winery, Napa Valley, CA

Comments:

(13) This is a winery built underground. On the day this picture was taken it was 105 degrees outside, and 65 degrees inside the winery. The cooling was provided by the earth. Several feet into the ground the earth maintains a fairly stable temperature — around 55 degrees. An underground building, therefore, requires less heating in the winter and little cooling in the summer, saving energy.

Title: Direct gain solar home - Kaltenbach design, Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(14) The types of solar heating systems we have learned about so far are called passive systems. They simply rely on the direct radiation of the sun to provide light and heat. The building itself is the solar heating system.

Slide #: 056 Author ID: 15 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-056-S005-015 

Title: Active water heating w/water storage

Comments:

(15) This house uses an active solar heating system. Water is pumped through the collectors on the roof, heated by the sun, then stored in a large storage 

Slide #: 057 Author ID: 16 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-057-S005-016 

Title: Color diagram of active system

Comments:

(16) tank within the home. When heat is needed, it is pumped from the storage tank and distributed throughout the home. As you can see, active systems require collectors, pumps, blowers and electronic controls to make the system work, wheras passive systems do not.

Slide #: 058 Author ID: 17 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-058-S005-017 

Title: Air heating system, rock storage

Comments:

(17) In this house the large black "eyes" staring at the midday sun are air heaters. The hot air is blown from the collectors, into the home and rock storage. Seventy percent of this home's heating is provided by the sun.

Slide #: 059 Author ID: 18 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-059-S005-018 

Title: Los Alamos Study Center - Los Alamos, NM

Comments:

(18) The Los Alamos Study Center, located in New Mexico, is one of the largest solar heated and cooled buildings in the world. Over 25,000 square feet of collectors provide energy to heat and cool the building through all seasons.

Slide #: 060 Author ID: 19 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-060-S005-019 

Title: Solar hotel, passive & active courtesy of Hawkweed group, Chicago, IL

Comments:

(19) And is Osseo, Wisconsin, which has one of the severest climates in the U.S., this solar heated hotel will keep the nightly guests warm in the dead of winter.

Slide #: 061 Author ID: 20 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-061-S005-020 

Title: Capsule collector, design by John Golder, Santa Cruz, CA

Comments:

(20) Another application of solar energy is for heating domestic hot water; for washing clothes, dishes, people, etc. Collectors such as this capsule collector can be built cheaply using recycled materials.

Title: Flat plate collector courtesy Zomeworks Corp.

Comments:

(21) But most collectors used for water heating are flat panels with plumbing running throughout. Fluid is circulated through the collector, heated by 

Slide #: 063 Author ID: 22 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-063-S005-022 

Title: Grummond flat plate collector

Comments:

(22) the sun, then stored in a large tank in the house, hot and ready for use.

Slide #: 064 Author ID: 23 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-064-S005-023 

Title: Santa Fe Indian Hospital water heating Santa Fe, NM

Comments:

(23) This is the Santa Fe Indian Hospital in New Mexico. The 250 collectors mounted on the roof supply 15% of the hot water used by the hospital for cleaning and washing.

Slide #: 065 Author ID: 24 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-065-S005-024 

Title: Solar cell array, 19.2 watts

Comments:

(24) Solar energy can also be used a number of ways to generate electricity. As long as the sun shines they are a constant source of power. Batteries are used to store electricity for when the sun isn't shining.

Slide #: 066 Author ID: 25 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-066-S005-025 

Title: Solar cell color diagram

Comments:

(25) Developed during the space program in the late 1950's, solar cells were originally very expensive. But in the last few years costs have dropped dramatically, and will continue to do so over the next five to ten years.

Slide #: 067 Author ID: 26 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-067-S005-026 

Title: Solar cell array mounted on roof - Ghost Ranch, Abiqui, NM

Comments:

(26) In the future we can expect to see individual home and neighborhoods supplied with electricity in this way.

Slide #: 068 Author ID: 27 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-068-S005-027 

Title: Solar power tower 5MW thermal Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(27) A much more expensive and complex way to produce electricity is with the solar power tower. Here, acres of mirrors reflect and concentrate sunlight onto a boiler atop the tower. The intense heat in the boiler

Title: Solar power tower 5MW thermal Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(28) produces steam which is used to spin a turbine that turns a generator and produces electricity. Traditional methods of electricity production utilize fossil fuels — oil, coal, natural gas — and uranium. In this case solar supplies the heat. The tower pictured here is an experimental system being developed at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque. Similar systems are being planned throughout the Southwest.

Slide #: 070 Author ID: 29 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-070-S005-029 

Title: Windelectric generator 3 blades

Comments:

(29) For centuries people have used windmills to do various types of mechanical work. Modern windmills are used to produce electricity, primarily in rural areas.

Slide #: 071 Author ID: 30 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-071-S005-030 

Title: 200 kw windmill Clayton, NM

Comments:

(30) In the early 1900's windpowered electric generators were very popular. Today it is possible for individuals, communities, and utilities to own windgenerators and sell electricity, as the one pictured here.

Slide #: 072 Author ID: 31 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-072-S005-031 

Title: 200 kw windmill Clayton, NM

Comments:

(31) This windmill stands 150 feet tall and produces enough electricity for 50 homes. Windmills larger than this are being built in California to feed the electricity-hungry Western population.

Title: Wind power color map of US

Comments:

(32) Naturally, the use of windpower is dependant upon appropriately windy sites. Not all areas of the country offer suitable sites, but a surprising number of large population areas have good sites for windmills.

Slide #: 074 Author ID: 33 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-074-S005-033 

Title: Industrial

Comments:

(33) The sun can be used to provide energy for industry in the forms of heat 

Slide #: 075 Author ID: 34 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-075-S005-034 

Title: Coca Cola Bottling Company

Comments:

(34) and electricity. Heat which is needed in the production process is called process heat. Industry needs process heat for such things as washing and sterilizing bottles and cans, producing chemicals and dyes, and cooking foods like fruits and vegetables.

Slide #: 076 Author ID: 35 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-076-S005-035 

Title: Parabolic trough, Sandia Labs Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(35) Sandia Labs is testing various designs of solar collectors used for producing process heat and electricity. These linear concentrators reflect and focus sunlight onto a long pipe, producing temperatures between

Title: Parabolic trough, Sandia Labs Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(36) 250 and 600 degrees F. The laboratories are using this energy to heat their buildings and generate electricity for their research offices. As in other solar collectors, a fluid is pumped through the hot pipe, then held in storage until it is needed.

Slide #: 078 Author ID: 37 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-078-S005-037 

Title: Dish Concentrators Sandia Labs

Comments:

(37) The dish concentrators pictured here will be used at a large textile factory in Georgia. They supply heat to generate electricity and produce hot water and steam for use in the manufacturing of clothes and fabrics. These concentrators must track the sun across the sky daily, requiring more complex equipment than other system designs.

Slide #: 079 Author ID: 38 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-079-S005-038 

Title: Lens concentrator on solar cells - Sandia Labs

Comments:

(38) Similarly, solar cells which generate electricity directly from sunlight can also deliver heat. Sunlight is concentrated onto the cells using curved 

Slide #: 080 Author ID: 39 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-080-S005-039 

Title: Tracking mechanism for concentrator

Comments:

(39) reflectors or lenses. These systems also have to track the sun across the sky to operate efficiently.

Slide #: 081 Author ID: 40 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-081-S005-040 

Title: Insulated pipe

Comments:

(40) Unlike residential and commercial systems, industrial applications are much more expensive and complex. Before any industry converts to solar energy they must first make sure that they are already using energy efficiently.

Slide #: 082 Author ID: 41 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-082-S005-041 

Title: Agriculture

Comments:

(41) We often neglect the effect the sun has on our daily lives. Have you ever wondered what would happen to our food production if the sun

Slide #: 083 Author ID: 42 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-083-S005-042 

Title: Ear of corn in cornfield

Comments:

(42) stopped shining?

Slide #: 084 Author ID: 43 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-084-S005-043 

Title: Soybean acreage

Comments:

(43) (No narrative)

Title: Cows in a meadow

Comments:

(44) (No narrative)

Slide #: 086 Author ID: 45 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-086-S005-045 

Title: Solar food dryer

Comments:

(45) Aside from growing our food and forests, the sun can be used to dry 

Slide #: 087 Author ID: 46 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-087-S005-046 

Title: Water pumping windmill, w/storage tank

Comments:

(46) fruits, vegetables and grains, or pump water for irrigation via the wind.

Slide #: 088 Author ID: 47 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-088-S005-047 

Title: Farmland, New Mexico

Comments:

(47) Throughout the United States farmers are using solar energy to heat their homes, barns, and livestock sheds. They also use solar energy to provide

Slide #: 089 Author ID: 48 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-089-S005-048 

Title: Farmland, Michigan

Comments:

(48) heat for the production of alcohol fuels from grain. These fuels can then be sold on the open market as fuel for transportation. Biomass, the term used to describe organic matter, is perhaps the world's greatest solar energy resource.

Slide #: 090 Author ID: 49 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-090-S005-049 

Title: Education

Comments:

(49) These people are building a small 30 gallon solar water heater. 

Slide #: 091 Author ID: 50 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-091-S005-050 

Title: People working on a capsule collector

Comments:

(50) For many of them, this is their first experience with solar energy, other

Slide #: 092 Author ID: 51 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-092-S005-051 

Title: Capsule collector w/workshop participants

Comments:

(51) than a sunburn. Upon completion of the water heater, all participants were pleased with the new skills learned and ideas discussed.

Title: Los Alamos solar research facility

Comments:

(52) Public awareness is the key to success for solar energy in today's society. Teaching and learning new skills to work and design with the sun are as old as humankind. Unfortunately, we have become so technologically advanced we have lost sight of the natural processes in the world around us.

Slide #: 094 Author ID: 53 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-094-S005-053 

Title: Collectors on roof, T-V1 - Albuquerque, NM

Comments:

(53) The public education system is incorporating people and classes that teach these skills. At this technical-vocational school, the shop water is heated using solar collectors built by plumbing, masonry, and carpentry students. The collectors on the school's roof provide some space heating for the building.

Slide #: 095 Author ID: 54 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-095-S005-054 

Title: Solar class display

Comments:

(Slide 54) These high school students put together a public display for their solar energy class. They also built solar collectors, and designed solar heating systems for their school.

Slide #: 096 Author ID: 55 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-096-S005-055 

Title: Steve Baer zome, passive solar heating

Comments:

(Slide 55) The history of solar energy is emblazoned by the work of independent inventors and individuals. Today, large energy corporations monopolize our primary energy resources — except for the sun.

Slide #: 097 Author ID: 56 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-097-S005-056 

Title: Davis House, thermosyphon air collectors courtesy Zomeworks Corp.

Comments:

(Slide 56) Solar energy is a proven resource; for heating and cooling, doing mechanical work, and generating electricity.

Slide #: 098 Author ID: 57 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-098-S005-057 

Title: Sunset on the Sandia Mountains

Comments:

(Slide 57) Using our imagination we can utilize the sun's abundant radiant energy to satisfy many of our energy needs, in the present,

Slide #: 099 Author ID: 58 SBSE Slide ID: CD005-099-S005-058 

Title: The beginning of a new solar age

Comments:

(Slide 58) and in the future.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PRESENTING THE SLIDE SHOW

With script only:

Begin reading the script aloud with the third slide down on the screen. Advance the slides according to the numbers along the left-hand column of the script.

For additional slides or information, contact:

MICHAEL ARENSON

1314 15^th St NW 1407 Brookwood

Albuquerque, NM 87104 or Flint, MI 48503

505-842-6093 313-235-4928

(Slide 1) THE SOLAR AGE IN AMERICA

(Slide 2) Produced and edited by Michael Arenson

(Slide 3) In the past five years the growth of the solar energy industry in America has been phenomenal. Today it is over a two billion dollar industry.

(Slide 4) This slide show will familiarize you with the most important and fastest growing areas in solar energy today. These are: residential and commercial, industrial, agriculture, and education.

(Slide 5) Let us first understand that energy conservation is our major concern. Whether it is for more efficient equipment that uses less energy, 

(Slide 6) or simply putting styrofoam insulation in windows to reduce nighttime heat loss, energy conservation pays for itself, in terms of dollars and energy saved.

(Slide 7) There are a number of ways to meet residential and commercial energy 

(Slide 8) needs by using solar energy for space heating and cooling, water heating, and electricity for lighting and powering appliances.

(Slide 9) For heating, sunlight shining directly into a building warms and lights the living space. Large masses within the home, such as adobe or concrete 

(Slide 10) walls and brick floors, soak up the heat during the day then release it back into the house at night.

(Slide 12) into the home. And, it provides a year-round growing space, as well as heat.

(Slide 13) This is a winery built underground. On the day this picture was taken it was 105 degrees outside, and 65 degrees inside the winery. The cooling was provided by the earth. Several feet into the ground the earth maintains a fairly stable temperature — around 55 degrees. An underground building, therefore, requires less heating in the winter and little cooling in the summer, saving energy.

(Slide 14) The types of solar heating systems we have learned about so far are called passive systems. They simply rely on the direct radiation of the sun to provide light and heat. The building itself is the solar heating system.

(Slide 15) This house uses an active solar heating system. Water is pumped through the collectors on the roof, heated by the sun, then stored in a large storage 

(Slide 16) tank within the home. When heat is needed, it is pumped from the storage tank and distributed throughout the home. As you can see, active systems require collectors, pumps, blowers and electronic controls to make the system work, wheras passive systems do not.

(Slide 17) In this house the large black "eyes" staring at the midday sun are air heaters. The hot air is blown from the collectors, into the home and rock storage. Seventy percent of this home's heating is provided by the sun.

(Slide 18) The Los Alamos Study Center, located in New Mexico, is one of the largest solar heated and cooled buildings in the world. Over 25,000 square feet of collectors provide energy to heat and cool the building through all seasons.

(Slide 19) And is Osseo, Wisconsin, which has one of the severest climates in the U.S., this solar heated hotel will keep the nightly guests warm in the dead of winter.

(Slide 20) Another application of solar energy is for heating domestic hot water; for washing clothes, dishes, people, etc. Collectors such as this capsule collector can be built cheaply using recycled materials.

(Slide 21) But most collectors used for water heating are flat panels with plumbing running throughout. Fluid is circulated through the collector, heated by 

(Slide 22) the sun, then stored in a large tank in the house, hot and ready for use.

(Slide 23) This is the Santa Fe Indian Hospital in New Mexico. The 250 collectors mounted on the roof supply 15% of the hot water used by the hospital for cleaning and washing.

(Slide 24) Solar energy can also be used a number of ways to generate electricity. As long as the sun shines they are a constant source of power. Batteries are used to store electricity for when the sun isn't shining.

(Slide 25) Developed during the space program in the late 1950's, solar cells were originally very expensive. But in the last few years costs have dropped dramatically, and will continue to do so over the next five to ten years.

(Slide 26) In the future we can expect to see individual home and neighborhoods supplied with electricity in this way.

(Slide 28) produces steam which is used to spin a turbine that turns a generator and produces electricity. Traditional methods of electricity production utilize fossil fuels — oil, coal, natural gas — and uranium. In this case solar supplies the heat. The tower pictured here is an experimental system being developed at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque. Similar systems are being planned throughout the Southwest.

(Slide 29) For centuries people have used windmills to do various types of mechanical work. Modern windmills are used to produce electricity, primarily in rural areas.

(Slide 30) In the early 1900's windpowered electric generators were very popular. Today it is possible for individuals, communities, and utilities to own windgenerators and sell electricity, as the one pictured here.

(Slide 31) This windmill stands 150 feet tall and produces enough electricity for 50 homes. Windmills larger than this are being built in California to feed the electricity-hungry Western population.

(Slide 32) Naturally, the use of windpower is dependant upon appropriately windy sites. Not all areas of the country offer suitable sites, but a surprising number of large population areas have good sites for windmills.

(Slide 33) The sun can be used to provide energy for industry in the forms of heat 

(Slide 34) and electricity. Heat which is needed in the production process is called process heat. Industry needs process heat for such things as washing and sterilizing bottles and cans, producing chemicals and dyes, and cooking foods like fruits and vegetables.

(Slide 35) Sandia Labs is testing various designs of solar collectors used for producing process heat and electricity. These linear concentrators reflect and focus sunlight onto a long pipe, producing temperatures between

(Slide 36) 250 and 600 degrees F. The laboratories are using this energy to heat their buildings and generate electricity for their research offices. As in other solar collectors, a fluid is pumped through the hot pipe, then held in storage until it is needed.

(Slide 37) The dish concentrators pictured here will be used at a large textile factory in Georgia. They supply heat to generate electricity and produce hot water and steam for use in the manufacturing of clothes and fabrics. These concentrators must track the sun across the sky daily, requiring more complex equipment than other system designs.

(Slide 38) Similarly, solar cells which generate electricity directly from sunlight can also deliver heat. Sunlight is concentrated onto the cells using curved 

(Slide 39) reflectors or lenses. These systems also have to track the sun across the sky to operate efficiently.

(Slide 40) Unlike residential and commercial systems, industrial applications are much more expensive and complex. Before any industry converts to solar energy they must first make sure that they are already using energy efficiently.

(Slide 41) We often neglect the effect the sun has on our daily lives. Have you ever wondered what would happen to our food production if the sun

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(Slide 45) Aside from growing our food and forests, the sun can be used to dry 

(Slide 46) fruits, vegetables and grains, or pump water for irrigation via the wind.

(Slide 47) Throughout the United States farmers are using solar energy to heat their homes, barns, and livestock sheds. They also use solar energy to provide

(Slide 48) heat for the production of alcohol fuels from grain. These fuels can then be sold on the open market as fuel for transportation. Biomass, the term used to describe organic matter, is perhaps the world's greatest solar energy resource.

(Slide 49) These people are building a small 30 gallon solar water heater. 

(Slide 50) For many of them, this is their first experience with solar energy, other

(Slide 51) than a sunburn. Upon completion of the water heater, all participants were pleased with the new skills learned and ideas discussed.

(Slide 52) Public awareness is the key to success for solar energy in today's society. Teaching and learning new skills to work and design with the sun are as old as humankind. Unfortunately, we have become so technologically advanced we have lost sight of the natural processes in the world around us.

(Slide 53) The public education system is incorporating people and classes that teach these skills. At this technical-vocational school, the shop water is heated using solar collectors built by plumbing, masonry, and carpentry students. The collectors on the school's roof provide some space heating for the building.

(Slide 54) These high school students put together a public display for their solar energy class. They also built solar collectors, and designed solar heating systems for their school.

(Slide 55) The history of solar energy is emblazoned by the work of independent inventors and individuals. Today, large energy corporations monopolize our primary energy resources — except for the sun.

(Slide 56) Solar energy is a proven resource; for heating and cooling, doing mechanical work, and generating electricity.

(Slide 57) Using our imagination we can utilize the sun's abundant radiant energy to satisfy many of our energy needs, in the present,

(Slide 58) and in the future.